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This editor shows the efficacy of nutrition interventions, not directly on mortality, but rather on the intermediate variables of birth outcomes (SGA/preterm), stunting rates, severe wasting rates, maternal anemia, and breastfeeding promotion.
Please note that efficacy information may be displayed as relative risks, odds ratios, or recovery rates within the various tabs.
Association between linear growth and education attainment •Definition: The association between early-childhood growth (measured by HAZ-height-for-age z-score) and educational attainment (measured by years of schooling).
•Notes: Assuming education improvements resulting from improved early-childhood growth are a linear function of HAZ for children who are stunted at age 2, it is estimated that 0.47 additional year of schooling per unit increase in HAZ at the age of 2 years. Based on scaled up nutrition interventions, average increase in height-for-age z-score among 2 years old stunted children within in the same birth cohort is estimated, assuming normal distribution. Since the estimated growth status at 2 years old for children in the last projection year’s birth cohort is not available. Results on additional year of schooling are not available for the last year’s birth cohort.
•Effect size reference: Adair LS, Fall CH, Osmond C, et al. Associations of linear growth and relative weight gain during early life with adult health and human capital in countries of low and middle income: findings from five birth cohort studies. Lancet. 2013;382(9891):525-534. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60103-8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23541370/.
Association between education attainment and economic returns •Definition: The relative gains in wages that children born today will experience as a result of their additional education attainment in the future.
•Notes: The additional education attainment is resulted from the reduction in stunting. The country-level estimates on economic returns of schooling are retrieved from systematic reviews. Since the estimated growth status at 2 years old for children in the last projection year’s birth cohort is not available. Results on additional lifetime earnings are not available for the last year’s birth cohort.
•Effect size reference: Fink G, Peet E, Danaei G, et al. Schooling and wage income losses due to early-childhood growth faltering in developing countries: national, regional, and global estimates. Am J Clin Nutr. 2016;104(1):104-112. doi:10.3945/ajcn.115.123968. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27357091/
See help pages on Coverage for information on other effect size references. |
